ICD-11

A severe disease with high case fatality caused by infection with virus from the Orthoebolavirus genus. Ebola disease is typically characterised by acute onset of fever with non-specific symptoms/signs (e.g., abdominal pain, anorexia, fatigue, malaise, myalgia, sore throat) usually followed several days later by nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, and occasionally a variable rash. Hiccups may occur. Severe illness may include haemorrhagic manifestations (e.g., bleeding from puncture sites, ecchymoses, petechiae, visceral effusions), encephalopathy, shock/hypotension, multi-organ failure, spontaneous abortion in infected pregnant women. Common laboratory findings include thrombocytopenia, elevated transaminase concentrations, electrolyte abnormalities, and signs of renal dysfunction. Individuals who recover may experience prolonged sequelae (e.g., arthralgia, neurocognitive dysfunction, uveitis sometimes followed by cataract formation). Viral persistence for various durations has been characterized in immune-privileged compartments (e.g., CNS, eyes, testes) in some people who recovered. Person-to-person transmission occurs by direct contact with blood, other bodily fluids, organs, or contaminated surfaces and materials with risk beginning at the onset of clinical signs and increasing with disease severity. Any family members, healthcare providers or other involved in patient care, and people with direct contact with the deceased are at particular risk. The incubation period typically is 7–11 days (range ≈2–21 days).

This code should be used in conjunction with codes that identify the causative virus. Unusual manifestations of disease include organ-specific (e.g. meningoencephalitis) or systemic inflammatory syndromes associated with viral recrudescence occurring after clinical recovery from acute disease. These manifestations may occur several months following infection. Additionally, this code may be used for unusual presentations of acute disease not included in the general description of Ebola disease.