ICD-11

Disorders due to use of cocaine are characterised by the pattern and consequences of cocaine use. Cocaine is a compound found in the leaves of the coca plant, Erythroxylum coca, which is indigenous to countries in northern regions of South America. Cocaine has a limited place in medical treatment as an anaesthetic and vasoconstrictive agent. It is commonly used illicitly and widely available across the world, where it is found in two main forms: cocaine hydrochloride and cocaine freebase (also known as ‘crack’). Cocaine is a central nervous system stimulant, and Cocaine Intoxication typically includes a state of euphoria and hyperactivity. Cocaine has potent dependence-producing properties and Cocaine Dependence is a common cause of morbidity and of clinical presentations. Cocaine Withdrawal has a characteristic course that includes lethargy and depressed mood. A range of Cocaine-Induced Mental Disorders is described.

A pattern of episodic or intermittent cocaine use that has caused damage to a person’s physical or mental health or has resulted in behaviour leading to harm to the health of others. The pattern of episodic cocaine use is evident over a period of at least 12 months. Harm to health of the individual occurs due to one or more of the following: (1) behaviour related to intoxication; (2) direct or secondary toxic effects on body organs and systems; or (3) a harmful route of administration. Harm to health of others includes any form of physical harm, including trauma, or mental disorder that is directly attributable to behaviour related to cocaine intoxication on the part of the person to whom the diagnosis of Harmful pattern of use of cocaine applies.